世界の哲学者紹介：マシュー・リップマン

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今日は、前に、ドキュメンタリー映画小さな哲学者たちを紹介しましたが、子どものための哲学を切り拓いた哲学者を紹介します。

今回の哲学者

マシュー・リップマン

1923年にアメリカで生まれ、2010年に他界しました。

コロンビア大学で博士号を取得した後、コロンビア大学で19年間にわたり哲学の教員を務めました。

マシュー・リップマンの思想哲学

1969年に教材用の哲学小説『ハリー・ストットルマイヤーの発見』を執筆して、子どものための哲学と呼ばれる哲学対話教育を創始されます。

マシュー・リップマンの活動や影響

1960年代に全米各地の大学で起きた学生運動を目の当たりにしたリップマンは、哲学的な批判的思考がより早い段階で教えられるべきだと実感しました。

1974年、彼はモントクレア州立大学に「子どものための哲学推進研究所（Institute for the Advancement of Philosophy for Children, IAPC）」を設立しました。

以降、この研究所を拠点にして、世界各地で子どものための哲学の普及・推進に尽力しました。

子どものための哲学の教材や教員用マニュアルを多数開発し、理論書も執筆し、子どものための哲学の創始者として、現在に至るまで大きな影響を残しています。

記者がみる！令和哲学とつながるポイント

リップマンの子どものための哲学は、哲学的な関心をそそるような物語教材を子どもに読み聞かせ、それに対して哲学的問いかけで返すよう促す、というものでありました。

共同探求で扱うテーマを決め、教師はファシリテーター（促進者）であると同時に一緒に探求する人として振る舞います。

授業は対話を通じて進行し、生徒は普通、円の形に座り、順番に発言していきます。

流れとしては、問いかけに対する回答を提案する、意見を表明する、議論を展開する、反論する、例を挙げる、基準を設ける、他の生徒の考えをさらに進めるなどしていき、対話のきっかけとなった最初の哲学的問いかけを解決することを目指します。

正しく、リップマンの子どものための哲学は、令和哲学カフェのWＨＴそのものにも繋がっていくと思いました。

参考記事
http://www.kawade.co.jp/np/search_result.html?writer_id=13020

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